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| alma_mater = University of Chicago | doctoral_advisor = Carl Eckart | thesis_title = Mathematical Foundations for a Theory of Biophysical Periodicity | thesis_year = 1939 | known_for = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} Alvin Martin Weinberg (April 20, 1915 – October 18, 2006) was an American nuclear physicist who was the administrator at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) during and after the Manhattan Project. He came to Oak Ridge, Tennessee, in 1945 and remained there until his death in 2006. He was the first to use the term "Faustian bargain" to describe nuclear energy. A graduate of the University of Chicago, which awarded him his doctorate in mathematical biophysics in 1939, Weinberg joined the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory in September 1941. The following year he became part of Eugene Wigner's Theoretical Group, whose task was to design the nuclear reactors that would convert uranium into plutonium. Weinberg replaced Wigner as Director of Research at ORNL in 1948, and became director of the laboratory in 1955. Under his direction it worked on the Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion, and pioneered many innovative reactor designs, including the pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWRs), which have since become the dominant reactor types in commercial nuclear power plants, and Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor designs. In 1960, Weinberg was appointed to the President's Science Advisory Committee in the Eisenhower and later served on it in the Kennedy administrations. After leaving the ORNL in 1973, he was named director of the Office of Energy Research and Development in Washington, D.C., in 1974. The following year he founded and became the first director of the Institute for Energy Analysis at Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU). == Early years in Chicago == Alvin Martin Weinberg was born April 20, 1915 in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Jacob Weinberg and Emma Levinson Weinberg, two Russian Jewish emigrants who met in 1905 on board the boat carrying them to the United States.〔 He had an older sister, Fay, who was born on November 30, 1910. She later became a sociology professor at the University of the Pacific. He attended Theodore Roosevelt High School in Chicago. Weinberg entered the University of Chicago, from which he received his Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree in Physics in 1935, and his Master of Science (M.S.) in Physics the following year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Alvin Weinberg )〕 He received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in mathematical biophysics in 1939, writing his thesis on ''Mathematical foundations for a theory of biophysical periodicity'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mathematical foundations for a theory of biophysical periodicity )〕 under the supervision of Carl Eckart. Weinberg later lamented that, in restricting his thesis to linear systems, he had overlooked interesting nonlinear systems that Ilya Prigogine later received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for studying. While at Chicago, Weinberg was hired by the family of Margaret Despres, a student at the University of Chicago, to tutor her in mathematics.〔 They were married on June 14, 1940. They had two sons, David Robert Weinberg and Richard J. Weinberg.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alvin M. Weinberg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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